It was a gamble that did not pay off, and whether through military error or betrayal, the Damascus campaign was a failure. Age Range Adult, Mature Adult Role Size . Louis's long march to Jerusalem and back north, which Eleanor was forced to join, debilitated his army and disheartened her knights; the divided Crusade armies could not overcome the Muslim forces, and the royal couple had to return home. Others were not so fortunate: "No aid came from Heaven, except that night fell. Photos: CHICAGO's Jinkx Monsoon Meets the Press! Eleanor Henry was born on June 7, 1897, and died at age 79 years old in October 1976. "[33] Once her sons had left for Paris, Eleanor may have encouraged the lords of the south to rise up and support them.[9]. According to Capellanus, the women decided that it was not at all likely. Its a fair question. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to be buried where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. Eleanor and Louis VII had two daughters, Marie and Alix. Accordingly, by mid-afternoon, the rear of the columnbelieving the day's march to be nearly at an endwas dawdling. Her numerous children included Richard I and John, both of whom assumed the British throne. Christmas was celebrated at the royal court there, and she appears to have agreed to a separation from Henry. As queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade. Later that year she married and soon became queen of France. Telling the stories of Henry and Eleanor together was, as I mentioned earlier, tricky. It is for this reason that I didnt see Eleanors move to Aquitaine in 1168 as the split in their relationship it is often portrayed as. She was also instrumental in developing trade agreements with Constantinople and ports of trade in the Holy Lands. I wrote a book on The Anarchy the 11th century civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda. It seems likely that she sent word to Henry that she would be willing to marry him, and Henry, who was busily preparing an invasion of England when the offer arrived, dropped everything, and darted south. The death of William, one of the king's most powerful vassals, made available the most desirable duchy in France. There is no real evidence to position Eleanor as some kind of mastermind in a bid to tear her family and their lands apart. It was rumoured that the bride and groom had anticipated the ceremony and there was also a story that she had known the grooms late father, Geoffrey of Anjou, considerably better than she should have done. Rancon, however, chose to continue on, deciding in concert with Amadeus III, Count of Savoy, Louis's uncle, that a nearby plateau would make a better campsite. Blurry borders and ill-defined authority were no good to Henry. In early summer, Eleanor was ill, and John visited her at Fontevraud. [4] Although her native tongue was Poitevin, she was taught to read and speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and schooled in riding, hawking, and hunting. Either way, when Henry succeeded to the throne of England in 1154, the effect was to give the rulers of England a domain in France stretching from the English Channel to the Pyrenees and covering ten times as much of the country as the French kings themselves possessed. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to exist cached where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. He was ruthless when crossed and some of his contemporaries uneasily credited the story that his family, the Plantagenets, were descended from the Devil a tale that the Plantagenets themselves delighted to encourage. Google Search Trends of Eleanor Henry Eleanor Henry's search trend from the last 12 months (The below graph report is directly fetched from the 'Google Trends' ): Dismayed at her attitude, Bernard scolded Eleanor for her lack of penitence and interference in matters of state. She is survived by her husband of over 76 years Chester, three . Custody of them was awarded to King Louis. A marriage between Henry and Eleanor's daughter Marie had earlier been declared impossible due to their status as third cousins once removed. [a] Eleanor's conduct was repeatedly criticised by church elders, particularly Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger, as indecorous. The French, both soldiers and pilgrims, taken by surprise, were trapped. In 1154 he became, as Henry II, king of England, with the result that England, Normandy, and the west of France were united under his rule. Eleanor was related to Henry even more closely than she had been to Louis: they were cousins to the third degree through their common ancestor Ermengarde of Anjou, wife of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy and Geoffrey, Count of Gtinais, and they were also descended from King Robert II of France. Henry was nineteen years old, bull-necked, stocky and freckled, a man of electric energy and ferocious impatience, compelling charm and an ungovernable temper. By this marriage she hoped to ensure peace between the Plantagenets of England and the Capetian kings of France. [9] Immediately after the wedding, the couple were enthroned as duke and duchess of Aquitaine. Two of their sons, Richard and John, would be kings of England. Find 109 people named Eleanor Henry along with free Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok profiles on PeekYou - true people search. Since Eleanor, 11 years her husbands senior, had long resented his infidelities, the revolt may have been instigated by her; in any case, she gave her sons considerable military support. . Beyond that, I think it created a relationship between Stephen and Henry that prevented all-out slaughter in 1153 when Henry returned in earnest as the twenty-year-old Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou and Maine, to claim the crown of England. She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. Henry and Eleanor were an extraordinary couple, who lived extraordinary lives in Eleanors case about three of them. He shunned all majesty, preferring to send his Chancellor Thomas Becket to Paris to make a splendid, showy entrance to the city because, well, it just wasnt Henrys style. Late in July 1156, Eleanor left England to join Henry in Anjou with her two younger children. The shocking move came in the aftermath of uprising of the couples sons. Learn how and when to remove this template message, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama, The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, Berengaria, queen regnant of Castile and queen of Len, The Oxford Companion to English Literature, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/williamofnewburgh-two.asp#7, "A letter From Eleanor of Aquitaine to Pope Celestine III (1193)", "Blogging Pound's The Cantos: Cantos VI and VII", "Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Brother Who Never Was", Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings (1978 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography; (1991 edition), "Royal manuscript patronage in late Ducal Normandy? When most of the land army arrived, the king and queen had a dispute. Eleanor's marriage to Henry was reputed to be tumultuous and argumentative, although sufficiently cooperative to produce at least eight pregnancies. Most recently, she was portrayed by Eileen Atkins in Robin Hood (2010). Hugues de Toucy, archbishop of Sens, presided, and Louis and Eleanor were both present, as were the archbishop of Bordeaux and Rouen. On 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after her annulment, Eleanor married Henry "without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank."[24]. Updated: 1:34 AM CST Feb 27, 2012. A contemporary Norman chronicler, Robert de Torigny, confessed himself uncertain whether the marriage was a matter of sudden impulse or careful premeditation. Henry made the apparently absurd move of asking King Stephen, his mothers cousin, but his rival for the throne of England, to bail him out. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Yet despite his impending death, Louis's mind remained clear. Although the figures are intended as Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II of England, and William Marshall, the story is an entire invention. In The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, Howard Pyle, retelling the ballad Robin Hood and Queen Katherine, made the queen Queen Eleanor to fit historically with the rest of the work. Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Founding an Empire, Matts History Blog Hopefully interesting snippets and thoughts (wordpress.com). The effigy on her tomb shows a tall and large-boned woman with brown skin, though this may not be an accurate representation. Norah Lofts wrote a fictionalized biography of her, entitled in various editions Queen in Waiting or Eleanor the Queen, and including some romanticized episodesstarting off with the young Eleanor planning to elope with a young knight, who is killed out of hand by her guardian, in order to facilitate her marriage to the King's son. I cant help wondering whether Stephens behaviour towards Henry, the notion that one could be civil to an enemy, that the cause between them didnt mean they had to personally despise each other, left a mark. Just outside Poitiers she was ambushed and held captive by Hugh IX of Lusignan, whose lands had been sold to HenryII by his forebears. Accordingly, Louis declared on Christmas Day 1145 at Bourges his intention of going on a crusade. Henry II sent Thomas of Earley, Archdeacon of Wells, to break the news to Eleanor at Sarum. Their daughters were declared legitimate, custody was awarded to Louis, and Eleanor's lands were restored to her. Johns only victories on the Continent, therefore, were due to Eleanor. A few weeks later, Eleanor's father-in-law died and her husband succeeded him as King Louis VII. She was portrayed by Lynda Bellingham in the BBC series Robin Hood. Louis soon came into violent conflict with Pope Innocent II. [9] Andreas wrote for the court of the king of France, where Eleanor was not held in esteem. In debt and refused control of Normandy, he tried to ambush his father at Limoges. Instead, he attempted to reconcile Eleanor and Louis, confirming the legality of their marriage. As such, she was away from William, who had been left behind as a figurehead, when he passed away. They have also lived in Columbus, GA and Fort Mitchell, AL. Eleanor features in the novel Via Crucis (1899) by F. Marion Crawford. The sons were William, who died at the age of three; Henry; Richard, the Lionheart; Geoffrey, duke of Brittany; and John, surnamed Lackland until, having outlived all his brothers, he inherited, in 1199, the crown of England. Marriage to Henry II and administration of England, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleanor-of-Aquitaine, World History Encyclopedia - Eleanor of Aquitaine, The Ohio State University - eHistory - Eleanor of Aquitaine, Heritage History - Biography of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of Aquitaine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard I, and Henry II. Eleanor recruited some of her royal ladies-in-waiting for the campaign as well as 300 non-noble Aquitainian vassals. He reportedly "nimbly and bravely scaled a rock by making use of some tree roots which God had provided for his safety" and managed to survive the attack. On Saturday, 11 June 1183, the young king realized he was dying and was overcome with remorse for his sins. She had her tomb placed abreast that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. The best result we found for your search is Eleanor G Henry age 60s in Phenix City, AL. Eleanor would remain in England for most of the rest of Henrys life in what is usually characterised as comfortable house arrest. The basis for this claim seems to be the fact that Raymond advised a course of action that Louis refused to accept. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela in the company of other pilgrims. After King Henry's death Eleanor lived on for many years, even ruling England as Queen Dowager while her son Richard the Lionheart was on crusade. He then went to his uncle Robert, Earl of Gloucester, who also declined to help him out of the fix he was in. Eleanor has featured in a number of screen versions of the Ivanhoe and Robin Hood stories. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It was rumoured by some that Eleanor had had an affair with Henry's own father, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, who had advised his son to avoid any involvement with her. In 1193, she would tell Pope Celestine III that she was tortured by his memory. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Eleanor was again unwell in early 1201. Louis of France had remarried and been widowed; he married for the third time and finally fathered a long-hoped-for son, Philip Augustus, also known as DieudonnGod-given.