WebWho is the father of Laos? Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. ), household consumption: 63.7% (2017 est. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. )$7,800 (2020 est. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. Education Level. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. Fa Ngum, with 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered many Lao principalities in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of Vientiane. )refined petroleum consumption: 19,300 bbl/day (2019 est. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. )8,401.335 (2018 est. Web3 Headed Elephant Design Style Original Kingdom of Laos Flag T-Shirt 4.8 (5) $1999 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Amazon Merch on Demand +9 colors/patterns Lao Designs by RespekDis Sabaidee Laos and Thai Greeting | Lao writing gift T-Shirt 5.0 (1) $1695 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. note: data are in current year dollars$6.985 billion (2019 est. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. )beer: 3.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 2.262 billion kWh (2019 est. ), fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in 1988. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. )imports: 1.345 billion kWh (2019 est. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. By submitting this form, I am giving express written consent to receive emails, text messages, OTT app messages (e.g., WhatsApp messages), and/or telephone calls including mobile from or on behalf of Academy of Art University at the phone number (s) I provided using automated technology. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. )male: 53.3% (2020 est. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. Typically, SEZs grant China multi-decade leases to develop the land. In the case of Boten, Laos agreed to a 90-year land-lease deal with China. Also like in Cambodia, such agreements give the impression that Laos is becoming, or is already, a semi-colony of China. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. 1946. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. jw2019 Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. )services: 45.9% (2017 est. )-$230.973 million (2020 est. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. )-$1.32 billion (2019 est. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. ), forest revenues: 1.48% of GDP (2018 est. Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports. WebShop for kingdom of laos wall art from the world's greatest living artists. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. WebThe Kingdom of Laos. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. The Laos Government carried out resettlement programs between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s to relocate ethnic minority groups from the rural northern highlands to development areas in the lowlands ostensibly to alleviate poverty, make basic services more accessible, eliminate slash-and-burn agriculture and opium production, integrate ethnic minorities, and control rebel groups (including Hmong insurgents). For many, however, resettlement has exacerbated poverty, led to the loss of livelihoods, and increased food insecurity and mortality rates. As the resettlement programs started to wane in the second half of the 1990s, migration from the northern highlands to urban centers chiefly the capital Vientiane to pursue better jobs in the growing manufacturing and service sectors became the main type of relocation. Migration of villagers from the south seeking work in neighboring Thailand also increased. Thailand is the main international migration destination for Laotians because of the greater availability of jobs and higher pay than at home; nearly a million Laotian migrants were estimated to live in Thailand as of 2015. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10% (2015 est. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Let's say that Thailand, being inspired by Russia's recent moves towards Ukraine, decides that Laos is a fake country that deserves to be reunified with the Thai motherland. Laos used to be a part of Thailand and the Lao and Thai languages are mutually intelligible. So, Thailand decides to invade Laos. ), total: 31.8% (2020 est. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. )note: the Laos Government officially recognizes 49 ethnic groups, but the total number of ethnic groups is estimated to be well over 200. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. Quc gia: Nht Bn. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. 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